TY  - BOOK
AU  - Del Rosario,Jenhaira Czarina N.
AU  - Magtibay,Ryan Mikel J.
AU  - Sanchez,Verniece Jilianne L.
TI  - Experimental study on the use of pulverized quail eggshells as a supplementary cementitious material
AV  - T ENG D45 2026
PY  - 2026///
CY  - EAC Cavite
PB  - School of Engineering
N1  - Experimental research; Includes bibliographical references
N2  - This study evaluated pulverized quail eggshells (QES) as a supplementary cementitious material in hydraulic cement mortar. The research characterized the physical and chemical properties of QES and assessed its cementitious potential alongside its effect on mortar compressive strength at 5% and 10% cement replacement by weight. Quail eggshells were washed, dried, pulverized, passed through a No. 200 sieve, and analyzed via Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Mortar specimens were tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days following ASTM C109, and the Strength Activity Index (SAI) was evaluated according to ASTM C311. Results indicated that QES had a density/specific gravity of 0.947 g/mL and consisted mainly of calcium carbonate, with calcium, carbon, and oxygen comprising 89.19% of its elemental composition. At 5% replacement, the 7-day and 28-day average compressive strengths reached 12.07 MPa and 18.10 MPa, respectively, performing comparably to and slightly exceeding the control mix. Conversely, the 10% replacement level significantly reduced compressive strength. The 5% replacement achieved an SAI of 99.75% at 7 days and 104.02% at 28 days, surpassing the 75% minimum standard requirement. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among mixtures across both curing ages. In conclusion, QES serves as an effective supplementary cementitious material at an optimal 5% replacement
ER  -